Qian ZHANG
2012-10-01
Simple ontology for Cloud Computing Services. This ontology allows to define model of prices used in large cloud computing providers such as Google, Amazon, Azure, etc., including options for regions, type of instances, prices specification, etc.
2019-02-04
2018-09-17
Copyright © 2018 Qian ZHANG
Vocabulary in Cloud Computing Services
cocoon
https://w3id.org/cocoon/v1.0#
Cloud Computing Services Ontology
1.0
The power or capacity of CPU available for this type of VM.
For Google Cloud, cost of SQL server image is charged on per core basis.
Similar to location, this property specifies the continent.
Google Cloud OS price for VM with different number of cores are different.
It is used to describe price for machines with less than or
equal to the specified number of cores.
Google Cloud OS price for VM with different number of cores are different.
This is used to describe the price for machines with more than specified
number of cores.
For Google Cloud, cores and vCPU referes to the same thing.
1
1
1
NetworkPriceSpecification use other properties to sepecify destination, and this property may not be useful.
1
gr:hasCurrencyValue seems only allow float value, extended to allow more precision with double floating-point numbers.
1
Price specification for Cloud Service
Infrastructure as a Service
1
1
Storage that is not detachable from VM
1
1
1
1
i.e. Egress between zones in the same region; Egress between regions within the US; Egress to Google products (such as YouTube, Maps, Drive)
Storage can exist independent from VM
1
1
1
1
For example on Google Cloud, Windows Server images on some machine types are charged based on the number of CPUs, i.e., n1-standard-4, n1-highcpu-4, and n1-highmem-4 are machine-types with 4 vCPUs,
and are charged at $0.16 USD/hour (4 times $0.04 USD/hour).
https://github.com/miranda-zhang/cloud-computing-schema/blob/master/example/gcloud/os.md#windows-server-images
1
Describe price for machines with less than orequal to the specified number of cores.
1
Describe the price for machines with more than specified number of cores.
Platform as a Service, i.e. Google App Engine, Heroku.
1
1
1
Composition of value, unit, and type of object, i.e., 2 GB of Memory, 10 GB of local storage, 3 TB of network storage.
1
Optional, if not sure the exact type of thing,
like only know it is 8GB of Memory, but there is not a definition in ontology for the exact memory type.
One usage example, `cocoon:ofObjectType cocoon:LocalStorage` ,
quantifies the type of object should be `LocalStorage`
1
1
1
Some regions can be in multiple locations, i.e. nam-eur-asia1, they can be in multiple jurisdictions. Other region should have at most 1 phisical location associated with it.
1
If a definite location or address is known, physical location can be set, otherwise cocoon:inJurisdiction can be used to describe where it is in approximately.
Software as a Service
Software as a Service
i.e. Gcloud Cloud Composer
1
1
1
1
Available snapshot options.
1
Disks can have different input/output operations per sec (IOPs).
1
Disks can have different throughput caps, i.e. 200 MB/second
Can be used to define a common price spec for multiple cloud service individuals,
i.e. the storage transaction spec has a different price in a different region,
but there is a common transaction price spec for a group of cloud storage offers.
A system image is a serialized copy of the entire state of a computer system.
System images can be used for backup.
Defines custome units.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Local storage available on this VM, or netowrk storage attached to this VM.
1
VM storage transaction price specification.
There is a data access fees on local disk of Azure VM.
For example, every single block access incurs a transaction. The default block size is 4 Megabytes, meaning uploading a 32Mb file will incur 8 Storage Transactions. Deleting the file will also incur 8 transactions, so will updating it, and any other time the file is touched. The transactions are charged at a cost of around $0.00036 USD per 10,000 transactions. So 32Mb file will cost $0.000000368 AUD.
The only exception to Storage Transactions is when Premium Storage (persistent SSD storage) is used. That is, when you provision a P10, P20 or a P30 disk for your Virtual Machine those disks are exempt from Storage Transactions.
https://github.com/miranda-zhang/cloud-computing-schema/blob/master/example/azure/vm.md#storage-transactions
1
CPU power of VM
1
Google specifies the maximum number of disk allowed to attach to a VM.
1
Google also specifies the maximum total disk size allowed to attach to a VM.
1
Size of Memory
1
The number of cores available on this VM.
Gigabyte (GB): There are 1024MB in one gigabyte.
Gigabyte
Often describe 1 GB per Month usage.
Gigabyte per Month
Azure Managed Disks provide different input/output operations per sec (IOPs)
Input/output operations per sec
Azure Managed Disks throughput caps per disk.
MB/second
Terabyte is more precisely defined as 1,024 gigabytes (GB)
Terabyte
Microsoft Azure Cloud
Azure
GCEU (Google Compute Engine Unit), or GQ for short, is a unit of CPU capacity that we use to describe the compute power of our instance types. We chose 2.75 GQ's to represent the minimum power of one logical core (a hardware hyper-thread) on our Sandy Bridge platform.
Google Compute Engine Unit
Google Cloud
Gcloud
Qian
Zhang
Miranda
Miss
1024
10240
92160